Innovated interchange and road network

ABSTRACT

An object of this invention is to provide innovated interchange and road network, the interchange of which is to avoid the traffic flow intersections to improve the traffic efficiency and speed and to lower probabilities of accidents of present interchange design and also which is suitable for batch manufacturing like prefabricated assembly to reduce cost significantly, and the road network of which is to provide better design for traffic especially for automatic driving traffic.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates to innovated interchange and road network.

BACKGROUND

For the present grade separation interchange for two roads, one case is that the present designs are too complex and expensive when the present designs are more than 2 levels vertically, and the other case is that the present designs have some traffic flow intersections which lower the traffic efficiency and speed and increase probabilities of accidents when the present designs are two levels vertically.

Moreover the present grade separation interchange is not designed for batch manufacturing like prefabricated assembly. And also the present road networks lack reasonable and efficient planning and design which may provide high volume of high speed traffic and be suitable for future traffic demands like complete auto-driving.

And also, present urban road network has not been designed good enough for traffic especially for auto-driving traffic.

SUMMARY

In view of the above problems, an object of this invention is to provide innovated interchange and road network as below.

An interchange including two through roads, wherein the two through roads cross each other through a grade separation crossroads of the interchange, and the crossroads is hereinafter called “Cr”, and the two through roads go through “Cr” at different altitudes, and each through road includes two unidirectional roads on each of which the driving direction is opposite to the other and each of which is keeping to the right of the other from the perspective of its own driving direction, and the driving direction on a unidirectional road is the direction of the unidirectional road, and wherein the interchange includes two overpass bridges over each through road which are at opposite sides of the other through road respectively, and so the interchange includes four overpass bridges around “Cr”, and wherein for each one of the four overpass bridges, the each one is hereinafter called “B1”, and the through road overflown by “B1” is hereinafter called “L1L2”, and in “L1L2” the unidirectional road on which the driving direction under “B1” is leaving “Cr” is hereinafter called “L1”, and in “L1L2” the unidirectional road on which the driving direction under “B1” is heading for “Cr” is hereinafter called “L2”, and the other through road which crosses with “L1L2” is hereinafter called “L3L4”, and in “L3L4” the unidirectional road on which the driving direction is to the left of the direction of “L1” and to the right of the direction of “L2” is hereinafter called “L3”, and in “L3L4” the other unidirectional road on which the driving direction is to the right of the direction of “L1” and to the left of the direction of “L2” is hereinafter called “L4”, and the overpass bridge which overflies “L3L4” and under which the driving direction on “L3” is heading for “Cr” and under which the driving direction on “L4” is leaving “Cr” is hereinafter called “B2”, and wherein “B1” includes an entrance and an exit, and the driving direction of the entrance of “B1” is heading for “B1” in the same direction as the direction of “L1”, and the driving direction of the exit of “B1” is leaving B1 in the same direction as the direction of “L2”, and the driving direction on “B1” over “L1L2” is from “L1” side to “L2” side, and the entrance of “B1” is located outside the right of “L1” according to the direction of “L1”, and a vehicle is capable of entering the entrance of “B1” from “L3” and/or the entrance of “B1” is interconnected with “L3”, and the exit of “B1” is interconnected with “L2” and/or the exit of “B1” leads to “L2”, and wherein a vehicle to turn right from “L3” to “L1” leaves “L3” from a position on “L3”, and the position on “L3” is of the right side of “L3”, and the position on “L3” is farther from “Cr” than another position on “L3” and at the another position a vehicle leaving the exit of “B2” enters “L3”, and a vehicle to turn right from “L3” to “L1” enters a right turn lane “R1” after leaving “L3”, and then the vehicle driving on “R1” passes outside the right of the entrance of “B1”, and then the vehicle enters “L1” from “R1” at a position on “L1” and the position on “L1” is farther from “Cr” than the entrance of “B1” according to the distance in the direction of “L1”, and

wherein a vehicle to turn left from “L3” to “L2” leaves “L3” from a position on “L3”, and the position on “L3” is of the right side of “L3”, and the position on “L3” is farther from “Cr” than another position on “L3” and at the another position a vehicle leaving the exit of “B2” enters “L3”, and a vehicle to turn left from “L3” to “L2” enters a left turn lane “Le” after leaving “L3”, and then the vehicle driving on “Le” enters the entrance of “B1”, and later the vehicle exits the exit of “B1” and enters “L2”.

Optionally, “L1” or “L2” or “L3” or “L4” passes through under all two overpass bridges which are over it.

Optionally, the entrance and exit of “B1” are located on/outside/to the same side of “L3L4”. Optionally, a vehicle is not capable of entering either “Le” or the entrance of “B1” from “L1”, and/or a vehicle is not capable of entering either “R1” or “Le” from the exit of “B2”.

Optionally, a vehicle to turn right from “L3” to “L1” and a vehicle to turn left from “L3” to “L2” will pass outside the right of “B2” or pass outside the right of the exit of “B2”.

Optionally, a unidirectional road includes one lane or more than one lane.

An interchange including two through roads, wherein the two through roads cross each other through a grade separation crossroads of the interchange, and the crossroads is hereinafter called “Cr”, and the two through roads go through “Cr” at different altitudes, and each through road includes two unidirectional roads on each of which the driving direction is opposite to the other and each of which is keeping to the right of the other from the perspective of its own driving direction, and the driving direction on a unidirectional road is the direction of the unidirectional road, and wherein the interchange includes two overpass bridges over each through road which are at opposite sides of the other through road respectively, and so the interchange includes four overpass bridges around “Cr”, and wherein for each one of the four overpass bridges, the each one is hereinafter called “B1”, and the through road overflown by “B1” is hereinafter called “L1L2”, and in “L1L2” the unidirectional road on which the driving direction under “B1” is leaving “Cr” is hereinafter called “L1”, and in “L1L2” the unidirectional road on which the driving direction under “B1” is heading for “Cr” is hereinafter called “L2”, and the other through road which crosses with “L1L2” is hereinafter called “L3L4”, and in “L3L4” the unidirectional road on which the driving direction is to the left of the direction of “L1” and to the right of the direction of “L2” is hereinafter called “L3”, and in “L3L4” the other unidirectional road on which the driving direction is to the right of the direction of “L1” and to the left of the direction of “L2” is hereinafter called “L4”, and the overpass bridge which overflies “L3L4” and under which the driving direction on “L3” is heading for “Cr” and under which the driving direction on “L4” is leaving “Cr” is hereinafter called “B2”, and wherein “B1” includes an entrance and an exit, and the driving direction of the entrance of “B1” is heading for “B l” in the same direction as the direction of “L1”, and the driving direction of the exit of “B1” is leaving B1 in the same direction as the direction of “L2”, and the driving direction on “B1” over “L1L2” is from “L1” side to “L2” side, and a vehicle is capable of entering the entrance of “B1” from “L3” and/or the entrance of “B1” is interconnected with “L3”, and the exit of “B1” is interconnected with “L2” and/or the exit of “B1” leads to “L2”, and wherein a vehicle to turn right from “L3” to “L1” leaves “L3” from a position on “L3”, and the position on “L3” is of the right side of “L3”, and the position on “L3” is farther from “Cr” than another position on “L3” and at the another position a vehicle leaving the exit of “B2” enters “L3”, and a vehicle to turn right from “L3” to “L1” enters a right turn lane “R1” after leaving “L3”, and then the vehicle driving on “R1” passes between the right of “L1” and the left of the entrance of “B1” and/or passes under “B1”, and then the vehicle enters “L1” from “R1” at a position on “L1” and the position on “L1” is farther from “Cr” than the entrance of “B1” according to the distance in the direction of “L1”, and wherein a vehicle to turn left from “L3” to “L2” leaves “L3” from a position on “L3”, and the position on “L3” is of the right side of “L3”, and the position on “L3” is farther from “Cr” than another position on “L3” and at the another position a vehicle leaving the exit of “B2″enters “L3”, and a vehicle to turn left from “L3” to “L2” enters a left turn lane “Le” after leaving “L3”, and then the vehicle driving on “Le” enters the entrance of “B1”, and later the vehicle exits the exit of “B1” and enters “L2”.

Optionally, “L1” or “L2” or “L3” or “L4” passes through under all two overpass bridges which are over it.

Optionally, the entrance and exit of “B1” are located on/outside/to the same side of “L3L4”. Optionally, a vehicle is not capable of entering either “Le” or the entrance of “B1” from “L1”, and/or a vehicle is not capable of entering either “R1” or “Le” from the exit of “B2”.

Optionally, a vehicle to turn right from “L3” to “L1” and a vehicle to turn left from “L3” t.

“L2” will pass outside the right of “B2” or pass outside the right of the exit of “B2”.

Optionally, a unidirectional road includes one lane or more than one lane.

A road network including at least four roads and one area which match the following description of four roads “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and an area “VL” respectively, wherein each of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” includes two unidirectional roads and the driving direction of each of the two unidirectional roads is opposite to the other, and each of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” includes no traffic lights crossroads and no level/grade crossroads and no roundabout crossroads, and wherein the minimum distance between either “Va” and “Vb” or “La” and “Lb” is not less than 0.5 or 1 or 1.5 kilometers, and the maximum distance between either “Va” and “Vb” or “La” and “Lb” is not more than 1.5 or 2 or 3 or 4 kilometers, and wherein each of the pair of “Va” and “La”, the pair of “Va” and “Lb”, the pair of “Vb” and “La” and the pair of “Vb” and “Lb” forms a grade separation crossroads, and so “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” form totally four grade separation crossroads, and so “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” enclose an area “VL”, and “VL” doesn't include “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb”, and the area outside “VL”, “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” is hereinafter called “outside area”, and wherein “VL” includes one or more than one road each of which includes two unidirectional roads and the driving direction of each of the two unidirectional roads is opposite to the other, and at least one road in “VL” passes over or under two or three or all four roads of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” to “outside area”, and one or more than one road in “VL” includes traffic lights crossroads and/or level/grade crossroads and/or roundabout crossroads in “VL”, and wherein the road network includes at least one of following descriptions:

1) the road network includes “V1”, “V2”, “L1”, ‘“1,2” and “VL11” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively;

2) the road network includes “V1”, “V2”, “L1 “, “L2” and “VL11” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively, and also the road network includes “V1”, “V2”, “L2”, “L3” and “VL12” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively;

3) the road network includes “V1”, “V2”, “L1 “, “L2” and “VL11” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively, and also the road network include.

“V1”, “V2”, “L2”, “L3” and “VL12” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively, and also the road network includes “V2”, “V3”, “L1 “, “L2” and “VL21” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively;

4) the road network includes “V1”, “V2”, “L1”, “L2” and “VL11” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively, and also the road network includes “V1”, “V2”, “L2”, “L3” and “VL12” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively, and also the road network includes “V2”, “V3”, “L1”, “L2” and “VL21” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively, and also the road network includes “V2”, “V3”, “L2”, “L3” and “VL22” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively.

Optionally, a vehicle is capable of driving to two or three or all of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” from “VL”, and/or a vehicle is capable of driving from two or three or all of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” to “VL”.

Optionally, a vehicle in “VL” is capable of driving to “outside area” both by driving through one of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” and driving passing over or under one of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb.

Optionally, for each crossroads of the four grade separation crossroads formed by “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb”, a vehicle is capable of driving into the each crossroads from any one of the four directions of the each crossroads and then driving away from the crossroads to any one of the other three directions of the four directions of the each crossroads.

Optionally, each of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” includes an isolation belt or a physical isolation between its two unidirectional roads. A vehicle driving on one of the two unidirectional roads is not capable of entering or not allowed to enter another unidirectional road through the isolation belt or physical isolation.

Optionally, a person is capable of walking or biking to pass over two or three or all of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” to “outside area”.

Optionally, the grade separation crossroads refers to a crossroads which is formed by two roads crossing at different altitudes, and one of the two roads passes over the other road. The vehicles driving through the crossroads on one of the two roads don't interfere with the vehicles driving through the crossroads on the other road.

Optionally, the level/grade crossroads refers to a crossroads at a same level which includes traffic lights or which is a roundabout. The level/grade crossroads including traffic lights includes at least 3 directions of driving in or driving out. The roundabout includes at least 3 directions of driving in or driving out.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is vertical perspective view from top to bottom of the example of the embodiment 1. In this figure, the through road L1L2 passes through the intersection above the through road L3L4. In this figure, a dotted line with an arrow indicates the driving direction of vehicles, and an oval callout indicates the name of a part of the example.

FIG. 2 is vertical perspective view from top to bottom of the example of the embodiment 2.

In this figure, the through road L1L2 passes through the intersection above the through road L3L4. In this figure, a dotted line with an arrow indicates the driving direction of vehicles, and an oval callout indicates the name of a part of the example.

FIG. 3 is vertical perspective view from top to bottom of the example of the embodiment 3. In this figure, an oval callout indicates the name of a part of the example.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Embodiment 1

An interchange including two through roads, wherein the two through roads cross each other through a grade separation crossroads of the interchange, and the crossroads is hereinafter called “Cr”, and the two through roads go through “Cr” at different altitudes, and each through road includes two unidirectional roads on each of which the driving direction is opposite to the other and each of which is keeping to the right of the other from the perspective of its own driving direction, and the driving direction on a unidirectional road is the direction of the unidirectional road, and wherein the interchange includes two overpass bridges over each through road which are at opposite sides of the other through road respectively, and so the interchange includes four overpass bridges around “Cr”, and wherein for each one of the four overpass bridges, the each one is hereinafter called “B1”, and the through road overflown by “B1” is hereinafter called “L1L2”, and in “L1L2” the unidirectional road on which the driving direction under “B1” is leaving “Cr” is hereinafter called “L1 “, and in “L1L2” the unidirectional road on which the driving direction under “B1” is heading for “Cr” is hereinafter called “L2”, and the other through road which crosses with “L1L2” is hereinafter called “L3L4”, and in “L3L4” the unidirectional road on which the driving direction is to the left of the direction of “L1” and to the right of the direction of “L2” is hereinafter called “L3”, and in “L3L4” the other unidirectional road on which the driving direction is to the right of the direction of “L1” and to the left of the direction of “L2” is hereinafter called “L4”, and the overpass bridge which overflies “L3L4” and under which the driving direction on “L3” is heading for “Cr” and under which the driving direction on “L4” is leaving “Cr” is hereinafter called “B2”, and wherein “B1” includes an entrance and an exit, and the driving direction of the entrance of “B1” is heading for “B1” in the same direction as the direction of “L1 “, and the driving direction of the exit of “B1” is leaving B1 in the same direction as the direction of “L2”, and the driving direction on “B1” over “L1L2” is from “L1” side to “L2” side, and the entrance of “B1” is located outside the right of “L1” according to the direction of “L1 “, and a vehicle is capable of entering the entrance of “B1” from “L3” and/or the entrance of “B1” is interconnected with “L3”, and the exit of “B1” is interconnected with “L2” and/or the exit of “B1” leads to “L2”, and wherein a vehicle to turn right from “L3” to “L1” leaves “L3” from a position on “L3”, and the position on “L3” is of the right side of “L3”, and the position on “L3” is farther from “Cr” than another position on “L3” and at the another position a vehicle leaving the exit of “B2″enters “L3”, and a vehicle to turn right from “L3” to “L1” enters a right turn lane “R1” after leaving “L3”, and then the vehicle driving on “R1” passes outside the right of the entrance of “B1”, and then the vehicle enters “L1” from “R1” at a position on “L1” and the position on “L1” is farther from “Cr” than the entrance of “B1” according to the distance in the direction of “L1 “, and

wherein a vehicle to turn left from “L3” to “L2” leaves “L3” from a position on “L3”, and the position on “L3” is of the right side of “L3”, and the position on “L3” is farther from “Cr” than another position on “L3” and at the another position a vehicle leaving the exit of “B2″enters “L3”, and a vehicle to turn left from “L3” to “L2” enters a left turn lane “Le” after leaving “L3”, and then the vehicle driving on “Le” enters the entrance of “B1”, and later the vehicle exits the exit of “B1” and enters “L2”.

Optionally, “L1” or “L2” or “L3” or “L4” passes through under all two overpass bridges which are over it.

Optionally, the entrance and exit of “B1” are located on/outside/to the same side of “L3L4”. Optionally, a vehicle is not capable of entering either “Le” or the entrance of “B1” from “L1”.

Optionally, a vehicle is not capable of entering either “R1” or “Le” from the exit of “B2”. Optionally, a vehicle to turn right from “L3” to “L1” and a vehicle to turn left from “L3” to “L2” will pass outside the right of “B2” or pass outside the right of the exit of “B2”.

Optionally, a unidirectional road includes one lane or more than one lane.

Optionally, an overpass bridge passes/crosses a through road from above of the through road. Optionally, the piers and/or the structures above the piers of an overpass bridge are prebuilt and then they are transported from the prebuilding factory to the location of the overpass bridge to assembly/construct. Wherein firstly the bases of the overpass bridge is built at the location of the overpass bridge, and then the piers of the overpass bridge are installed on the bases.

Optionally, two overpass bridges of an interchange on a through road are same on specification and dimension. Optionally, the piers and/or the structures above the piers of two overpass bridges of an interchange on a through road are same on specification and dimension.

This invention can apply the following features to reduce the total length of the interchange. Optionally, if “L1L2” pass “Cr” over “L3L4”, the altitude of the road surface of the exit of “B1” or the altitude of the road surface of the road entering “L2” from the exit of “B1” is at least 2 or 3 or 4 meters higher than the altitude of the road surface of the entrance of “B1” or the altitude of the road surface of “Le”.

Optionally, if “L1L2” pass “Cr” over “L3L4 “, the altitude of the road surface of the exit of “B1” or the altitude of the road surface of the road entering “L2” from the exit of “B1” is less than 0.5 or 1 or 2 meters different from the altitude of the road surface of “L1L2” at “Cr”.

Optionally, if “L1L2” pass “Cr” over “L3L4”, the altitude of the road surface of the entrance of “B1” or the altitude of the road surface of “Le” is less than 0.5 or 1 or 2 meters different from the altitude of road surface of “L3L4” at “Cr”.

Optionally, if “L1L2” pass “Cr” under “L3L4”, the altitude of the road surface of the exit of “B1” or the altitude of the road surface of the road entering “L2” from the exit of “B1” is less than 0.5 or 1 or 2 meters different from the altitude of the road surface of the entrance of “B1” or the altitude of the road surface of “Le”.

Optionally, if “L1L2” pass “Cr” under “L3L4”, the altitude of the road surface of the exit of “B1” or the altitude of the road surface of the road entering “L2” from the exit of “B1” is less than 0.5 or 1 or 2 meters different from the altitude of the road surface of “L1L2”at “Cr”.

Optionally, if “L1L2” pass “Cr” under “L3L4”, the altitude of the road surface of the entrance of “B1” or the altitude of the road surface of “Le” is less than 2 or 3 or 4 meters different from the altitude of the road surface of “L3L4” at “Cr”.

This invention avoids the traffic flow intersections which lower the traffic efficiency and speed and increase probabilities of accidents in present interchange design. Moreover this interchange is suitable for batch manufacturing like prefabricated assembly to reduce cost significantly.

Embodiment 2

An interchange including two through roads, wherein the two through roads cross each other through a grade separation crossroads of the interchange, and the crossroads is hereinafter called “Cr”, and the two through roads go through “Cr” at different altitudes, and each through road includes two unidirectional roads on each of which the driving direction is opposite to the other and each of which is keeping to the right of the other from the perspective of its own driving direction, and the driving direction on a unidirectional road is the direction of the unidirectional road, and wherein the interchange includes two overpass bridges over each through road which are at opposite sides of the other through road respectively, and so the interchange includes four overpass bridges around “Cr”, and wherein for each one of the four overpass bridges, the each one is hereinafter called “B1”, and the through road overflown by “B1” is hereinafter called “L1L2”, and in “L1L2” the unidirectional road on which the driving direction under “B1” is leaving “Cr” is hereinafter called “L1”, and in “L1L2” the unidirectional road on which the driving direction under “B1” is heading for “Cr” is hereinafter called “L2”, and the other through road which crosses with “L1L2” is hereinafter called “L3L4”, and in “L3L4” the unidirectional road on which the driving direction is to the left of the direction of “L1” and to the right of the direction of “L2” is hereinafter called “L3”, and in “L3L4” the other unidirectional road on which the driving direction is to the right of the direction of “L1” and to the left of the direction of “L2” is hereinafter called “L4”, and the overpass bridge which overflies “L3L4” and under which the driving direction on “L3” is heading for “Cr” and under which the driving direction on “L4” is leaving “Cr” is hereinafter called “B2”, and wherein “B1” includes an entrance and an exit, and the driving direction of the entrance of “B1” is heading for “B1” in the same direction as the direction of “L1”, and the driving direction of the exit of “B1” is leaving B1 in the same direction as the direction of “L2”, and the driving direction on “B1” over “L1L2” is from “L1” side to “L2” side, and a vehicle is capable of entering the entrance of “B1” from “L3” and/or the entrance of “B1” is interconnected with “L3”, and the exit of “B1” is interconnected with “L2” and/or the exit of “B1” leads to “L2”, and wherein a vehicle to turn right from “L3” to “L1” leaves “L3” from a position on “L3”, and the position on “L3” is of the right side of “L3”, and the position on “L3” is farther from “Cr” than another position on “L3” and at the another position a vehicle leaving the exit of “B2″enters “L3”, and a vehicle to turn right from “L3” to “L1” enters a right turn lane “R1” after leaving “L3”, and then the vehicle driving on “R1” passes between the right of “L1” and the left of the entrance of “B1” and/or passes under “B1”, and then the vehicle enters “L1” from “R1” at a position on “L1” and the position on “L1” is farther from “Cr” than the entrance of “B1” according to the distance in the direction of “L1”, and wherein a vehicle to turn left from “L3” to “L2” leaves “L3” from a position on “L3”, and the position on “L3” is of the right side of “L3”, and the position on “L3” is farther from “Cr” than another position on “L3” and at the another position a vehicle leaving the exit of “B2″enters “L3”, and a vehicle to turn left from “L3” to “L2” enters a left turn lane “Le” after leaving “L3”, and then the vehicle driving on “Le” enters the entrance of “B1”, and later the vehicle exits the exit of “B1” and enters “L2”.

Optionally, “L1” or “L2” or “L3” or “L4” passes through under all two overpass bridges which are over it.

Optionally, the entrance and exit of “B1” are located on/outside/to the same side of “L3L4”. Optionally, a vehicle is not capable of entering either “Le” or the entrance of “B1” from “L1” .

Optionally, a vehicle is not capable of entering either “R1” or “Le” from the exit of “B2”. Optionally, a vehicle to turn right from “L3” to “L1” and a vehicle to turn left from “L3” to “L2” will pass outside the right of “B2” or pass outside the right of the exit of “B2”.

Optionally, a unidirectional road includes one lane or more than one lane.

Optionally, an overpass bridge passes/crosses a through road from above of the through road. Optionally, the piers and/or the structures above the piers of an overpass bridge are prebuilt and then they are transported from the prebuilding factory to the location of the overpass bridge to assembly/construct. Wherein firstly the bases of the overpass bridge is built at the location of the overpass bridge, and then the piers of the overpass bridge are installed on the bases.

Optionally, two overpass bridges of an interchange on a through road are same on specification and dimension. Optionally, the piers and/or the structures above the piers of two overpass bridges of an interchange on a through road are same on specification and dimension.

This invention can apply the following features to reduce the total length of the interchange. Optionally, if “L1L2” pass “Cr” over “L3L4”, the altitude of the road surface of the exit of “B1” or the altitude of the road surface of the road entering “L2” from the exit of “B1” is at least 2 or 3 or 4 meters higher than the altitude of the road surface of the entrance of “B1” or the altitude of the road surface of “Le”.

Optionally, if “L1L2” pass “Cr” over “L3L4”, the altitude of the road surface of the exit of “B1” or the altitude of the road surface of the road entering “L2” from the exit of “B1” is less than 0.5 or 1 or 2 meters different from the altitude of the road surface of “L1L2” at “Cr”.

Optionally, if “L1L2” pass “Cr” over “L3L4”, the altitude of the road surface of the entrance of “B1” or the altitude of the road surface of “Le” is less than 0.5 or 1 or 2 meters different from the altitude of road surface of “L3L4” at “Cr”.

Optionally, if “L1L2” pass “Cr” under “L3L4”, the altitude of the road surface of the exit of “B1” or the altitude of the road surface of the road entering “L2” from the exit of “B1” is less than 0.5 or 1 or 2 meters different from the altitude of the road surface of the entrance of “B1” or the altitude of the road surface of “Le”.

Optionally, if “L1L2” pass “Cr” under “L3L4”, the altitude of the road surface of the exit of “B1” or the altitude of the road surface of the road entering “L2” from the exit of “B1” is less than 0.5 or 1 or 2 meters different from the altitude of the road surface of “L1L2” at “Cr”.

Optionally, if “L1L2” pass “Cr” under “L3L4”, the altitude of the road surface of the entrance of “B1” or the altitude of the road surface of “Le” is less than 2 or 3 or 4 meters different from the altitude of the road surface of “L3L4” at “Cr”.

This invention has avoided the traffic flow intersections which lower the traffic efficiency and speed and increase probabilities of accidents in present interchange design. Moreover this interchange is designed for batch manufacturing like prefabricated assembly to reduce cost significantly.

Embodiment 3

A road network including at least four roads and one area which match the following description of four roads “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and an area “VL” respectively, wherein each of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” includes two unidirectional roads and the driving direction of each of the two unidirectional roads is opposite to the other, and each of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” includes no traffic lights crossroads and no level/grade crossroads and no roundabout crossroads, and wherein the minimum distance between either “Va” and “Vb” or “La” and “Lb” is not less than 0.5 or 1 or 1.5 kilometers, and the maximum distance between either “Va” and “Vb” or “La” and “Lb” is not more than 1.5 or 2 or 3 or 4 kilometers, and wherein each of the pair of “Va” and “La”, the pair of “Va” and “Lb”, the pair of “Vb” and “La” and the pair of “Vb” and “Lb” forms a grade separation crossroads, and so “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” form totally four grade separation crossroads, and so “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” enclose an area “VL”, and “VL” doesn't include “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb”, and the area outside “VL”, “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” is hereinafter called “outside area”, and wherein “VL” includes one or more than one road each of which includes two unidirectional roads and the driving direction of each of the two unidirectional roads is opposite to the other, and at least one road in “VL” passes over or under two or three or all four roads of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” to “outside area”, and one or more than one road in “VL” includes traffic lights crossroads and/or level/grade crossroads and/or roundabout crossroads in “VL”, and wherein the road network includes at least one of following descriptions:

1) the road network includes “V1”, “V2”, “L1”, “L2” and “VL11” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively;

2) the road network includes “V1”, “V2”, “L1”, “L2” and “VL11” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively, and also the road network includes “V1”, “V2”, “L2”, “L3” and “VL12” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively;

3) the road network includes “V1”, “vr, “L1”, “L2” and “VL11” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively, and also the road network includes “V1”, “V2”, “L2”, “L3” and “VL12” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively, and also the road network includes “V2”, “V3”, “L1”, “L2” and “VL21” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively;

4) the road network includes “V1”, “V2”, “L1”, “L2” and “VL11” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively, and also the road network includes “V1”, “V2”, “L2”, “L3” and “VL12” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively, and also the road network includes “V2”, “V3”, “L1”, “L2” and “VL21” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively, and also the road network includes “V2”, “V3”, “L2”, “L3” and “VL22” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively.

Optionally, a vehicle is capable of driving to two or three or all of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” from “VL”. Optionally, a vehicle is capable of driving from two or three or all of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” to “VL”.

Optionally, a vehicle in “VL” is capable of driving to “outside area” both by driving through one of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” and driving passing over one of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb”.

Optionally, a vehicle in “VL” is capable of driving to “outside area” both by driving through one of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” and driving passing under one of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb”.

Optionally, for each crossroads of the four grade separation crossroads formed by “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb”, a vehicle is capable of driving into the each crossroads from any one of the four directions of the each crossroads and then driving away from the crossroads to any one of the other three directions of the four directions of the each crossroads.

Optionally, each of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” includes an isolation belt or a physical isolation between its two unidirectional roads. A vehicle driving on one of the two unidirectional roads is not capable of entering or not allowed to enter another unidirectional road through the isolation belt or physical isolation.

Optionally, a person is capable of walking or biking to pass over two or three or all of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” to “outside area”.

Optionally, the grade separation crossroads refers to a crossroads which is formed by two roads crossing at different altitudes, and one of the two roads passes over the other road. The vehicles driving through the crossroads on one of the two roads don't interfere with the vehicles driving through the crossroads on the other road.

Optionally, the level/grade crossroads refers to a crossroads at a same level which includes traffic lights or which is a roundabout. The level/grade crossroads including traffic lights includes at least 3 directions of driving in or driving out. The roundabout includes at least 3 directions of driving in or driving out.

Optionally, each of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” doesn't allow to be crossed by or isn't capable to being crossed by vehicle or pedestrian. Each of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” includes entrance and exit for vehicles.

Optionally, each of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” is an expressway.

Optionally, that a road passes over anther road refers to that the road crosses the another road through an overpass bridge over the another road or refers to that the another road crosses the road through a channel or tunnel under the road.

Optionally, crossing a road refer to passing from one side of the center line between the two unidirectional roads of the road to the other side of the center line.

Optionally, each of the four grade separation crossroads formed by “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” is based on implementation 1 or implementation 2.

Optionally, at each crossroads of the four grade separation crossroads formed by “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb”, both “Va” and “Vb” pass over both “La” and “Lb”, or both “Va” and “Vb” pass under both “La” and “Lb”.

Optionally, the average altitude of the roads of “Va” and “Vb” outside the grade separation crossroads which “Va” and “Vb” form with “La” and “Lb” is at least 2 or 3 or 4 meters lower than the average altitude of the area “VL”.

Optionally, the average altitude of the roads of “La” and “Lb” outside the grade separation crossroads which “La” and “Lb” form with “Va” and “Vb” is at least 2 or 3 or 4 meters lower than the average altitude of the area “VL”.

Optionally, the altitude of “Va” and “Vb” is at least 2 or 3 or 4 meters lower than the altitude of their surrounding ground.

Optionally, the altitude of “La” and “Lb” is at least 2 or 3 or 4 meters lower than the altitude of their surrounding ground.

Optionally, the average altitude of the roads of “Va” and “Vb” outside the grade separation crossroads which “Va” and “Vb” form with “La” and “Lb” is at least 2 or 3 or 4 meters higher or lower than the average altitude of the roads of “La” and “Lb” outside the grade separation crossroads which “La” and “Lb” form with “Va” and “Vb”. This is capable of reducing the length and degree of the slope of the grade separation crossroads.

Optionally, one road in “VL” overpass both “Va” and “Vb” to connect to “outside area”. Optionally, another road in “VL” overpass both “La” and “Lb” to connect to “outside area”. Optionally, the one road and the another road form a level crossroads in “VL”. Optionally, the crossroads formed by the one road and the another road includes traffic lights.

Optionally, there is height limitation for a vehicle driving on “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb”. Optionally, the height limitation is no more than 2.5 or 3 or 3.5 meters.

Optionally, there is weight limitation for a vehicles driving on “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb”. Optionally, only passenger cars and minivans are allowed to drive on “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb”.

Optionally, there is length limitation for a vehicles driving on “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb”. Optionally, no cargo trailer is allowed to drive on “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb”. 

1. An interchange including two through roads, wherein the two through roads cross each other through a grade separation crossroads of the interchange, and the crossroads is hereinafter called “Cr”, and the two through roads go through “Cr” at different altitudes, and each through road includes two unidirectional roads on each of which the driving direction is opposite to the other and each of which is keeping to the right of the other from the perspective of its own driving direction, and the driving direction on a unidirectional road is the direction of the unidirectional road, and wherein the interchange includes two overpass bridges over each through road which are at opposite sides of the other through road respectively, and so the interchange includes four overpass bridges around “Cr”, and wherein for each one of the four overpass bridges, the each one is hereinafter called “B1”, and the through road overflown by “B1” is hereinafter called “L1L2”, and in “L1L2” the unidirectional road on which the driving direction under “B1” is leaving “Cr” is hereinafter called “L1”, and in “L1L2” the unidirectional road on which the driving direction under “B1” is heading for “Cr” is hereinafter called “L2”, and the other through road which crosses with “L1L2” is hereinafter called “L3L4”, and in “L3L4” the unidirectional road on which the driving direction is to the left of the direction of “L1” and to the right of the direction of “L2” is hereinafter called “L3”, and in “L3L4” the other unidirectional road on which the driving direction is to the right of the direction of “L1” and to the left of the direction of “L2” is hereinafter called “L4”, and the overpass bridge which overflies “L3L4” and under which the driving direction on “L3” is heading for “Cr” and under which the driving direction on “L4” is leaving “Cr” is hereinafter called “B2”, and wherein “B1” includes an entrance and an exit, and the driving direction of the entrance of “B1” is heading for “B1” in the same direction as the direction of “L1”, and the driving direction of the exit of “B1” is leaving B1 in the same direction as the direction of “L2”, and the driving direction on “B1” over “L1L2” is from “L1” side to “L2” side, and the entrance of “B1” is located outside the right of “L1” according to the direction of “L1 “, and a vehicle is capable of entering the entrance of “B1” from “L3” and/or the entrance of “B1” is interconnected with “L3”, and the exit of “B1” is interconnected with “L2” and/or the exit of “B1” leads to “L2”, and wherein a vehicle to turn right from “L3” to “L1” leaves “L3” from a position on “L3”, and the position on “L3” is of the right side of “L3”, and the position on “L3” is farther from “Cr” than another position on “L3” and at the another position a vehicle leaving the exit of “B2″enters “L3”, and a vehicle to turn right from “L3” to “L1” enters a right turn lane “R1” after leaving “L3”, and then the vehicle driving on “R1” passes outside the right of the entrance of “B1”, and then the vehicle enters “L1” from “R1” at a position on “L1” and the position on “L1” is farther From “Cr” than the entrance of “B1” according to the distance in the direction of “L1”, and wherein a vehicle to turn left from “L3” to “L2” leaves “L3” from a position on “L3”, and the position on “L3” is of the right side of “L3”, and the position on “L3” is farther from “Cr” than another position on “L3” and at the another position a vehicle leaving the exit of “B2″enters “L3”, and a vehicle to turn left from “L3” to “L2” enters a left turn lane “Le” after leaving “L3”, and then the vehicle driving on “Le” enters the entrance of “B1”, and later the vehicle exits the exit of “B1” and enters “L2”.
 2. The interchange according to claim 1, wherein “L1” or “L2” or “L3” or “L4” passes through under all two overpass bridges which are over it.
 3. The interchange according to claim 1, wherein the entrance and exit of “B1” are located on/outside/to the same side of “L3L4”.
 4. The interchange according to claim 1, wherein a vehicle is not capable of entering either “Le” or the entrance of “B1” from “L1 “, and/or a vehicle is not capable of entering either “R1” or “Le” from the exit of “B2”.
 5. The interchange according to claim 1, wherein a vehicle to turn right from “L3” to “L1” and a vehicle to turn left from “L3” to “L2” will pass outside the right of “B2” or pass outside the right of the exit of “B2”.
 6. The interchange according to claim 1, wherein a unidirectional road includes one lane or more than one lane.
 7. An interchange including two through roads, wherein the two through roads cross each other through a grade separation crossroads of the interchange, and the crossroads is hereinafter called “Cr”, and the two through roads go through “Cr” at different altitudes, and each through road includes two unidirectional roads on each of which the driving direction is opposite to the other and each of which is keeping to the right of the other from the perspective of its own driving direction, and the driving direction on a unidirectional road is the direction of the unidirectional road, and wherein the interchange includes two overpass bridges over each through road which are at opposite sides of the other through road respectively, and so the interchange includes four overpass bridges around “Cr”, and wherein for each one of the four overpass bridges, the each one is hereinafter called “B1”, and the through road overflown by “B1” is hereinafter called “L1L2”, and in “L1L2” the unidirectional road on which the driving direction under “B1” is leaving “Cr” is hereinafter called “L1 “, and in “L1L2” the unidirectional road on which the driving direction under “B1” is heading for “Cr” is hereinafter called “L2”, and the other through road Which crosses with “L1L2” is hereinafter called “L3L4”, and in “L3L4” the unidirectional road on which the driving direction is to the left of the direction of “L1” and to the right of the direction of “L2” is hereinafter called “L3”, and in “L3L4” the other unidirectional road on which the driving direction is to the right of the direction of “L1” and to the left of the direction of “L2” is hereinafter called “L4”, and the overpass bridge which overflies “L3L4” and under which the driving direction on “L3” is heading for “Cr” and under which the driving direction on “L4” is leaving “Cr” is hereinafter called “B2”, and wherein “B1” includes an entrance and an exit, and the driving direction of the entrance of “B1” is heading for “B1” in the same direction as the direction of “L1”, and the driving direction of the exit of “B1” is leaving B1 in the same direction as the direction of “L2”, and the driving direction on “B1” over “L1L2” is from “L1” side to “L2” side, and a vehicle is capable of entering the entrance of “B1” from “L3” and/or the entrance of “B1” is interconnected with “L3”, and the exit of “B1” is interconnected with “L2” and/or the exit of “B1” leads to “L2”, and wherein a vehicle to turn right from “L3” to “L1” leaves “L3” from a position on “L3”, and the position on “L3” is of the right side of “L3”, and the position on “L3” is farther from “Cr” than another position on “L3” and at the another position a vehicle leaving the exit of “B2″enters “L3”, and a vehicle to turn right from “L3” to “L1” enters a right turn lane “R1” after leaving “L3”, and then the vehicle driving on “R1” passes between the right of “L1” and the left of the entrance of “B1” and/or passes under “B1”, and then the vehicle enters “L1” from “R1” at a position on “L1” and the position on “L1” is farther from “Cr” than the entrance of “B1” according to the distance in the direction of “L1 “, and wherein a vehicle to turn left from “L3” to “L2” leaves “L3” from a position on “L3”, and the position on “L3” is of the right side of “L3”, and the position on “L3” is farther from “Cr” than another position on “L3” and at the another position a vehicle leaving the exit of “B2″enters “L3”, and a vehicle to turn left from “L3” to “L2” enters a left turn lane “Le” after leaving “L3”, and then the vehicle driving on “Le” enters the entrance of “B1”, and later the vehicle exits the exit of “B1” and enters “L2”.
 8. The interchange according to claim 7, wherein “L1” or “L2” or “L3” or “L4” passes through under all two overpass bridges which are over it.
 9. The interchange according to claim 7, wherein the entrance and exit of “B1” are located on/outside/to the same side of “L3L4”.
 10. The interchange according to claim 7, wherein a vehicle is not capable of entering either “Le” or the entrance of “B1” from “L I “, and/or a vehicle is not capable of entering either “R1” or “Le” from the exit of “B2”.
 11. The interchange according to claim 7, wherein a vehicle to turn right from “L3” to “L1” and a vehicle to turn left from “L3” to “L2” will pass outside the right of “B2” or pass outside the right of the exit of “B2”.
 12. The interchange according to claim 7, wherein a unidirectional road includes one lane or more than one lane.
 13. A road network including at least four roads and one area which match the following description of four roads “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and an area “VL” respectively, wherein each of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” includes two unidirectional roads and the driving direction of each of the two unidirectional roads is opposite to the other, and each of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” includes no traffic lights crossroads and no level/grade crossroads and no roundabout crossroads, and wherein the minimum distance between either “Va” and “Vb” or “La” and “Lb” is not less than 0.5 or 1 or 1.5 kilometers, and the maximum distance between either “Va” and “Vb” or “La” and “Lb” is not more than 1.5 or 2 or 3 or 4 kilometers, and wherein each of the pair of “Va” and “La”, the pair of “Va” and “Lb”, the pair of “Vb” and “La” and the pair of “Vb” and “Lb” forms a grade separation crossroads, and so “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” form totally four grade separation crossroads, and so “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” enclose an area “VL”, and “VL” doesn't include “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb”, and the area outside “VL”, “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” is hereinafter called “outside area”, and wherein “VL” includes one or more than one road each of which includes two unidirectional roads and the driving direction of each of the two unidirectional roads is opposite to the other, and at least one road in “VL” passes over or under two or three or all four roads of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” to “outside area”, and one or more than one road in “VL” includes traffic lights crossroads and/or level/grade crossroads and/or roundabout crossroads in “VL”, and wherein the road network includes at least one of following descriptions:
 1. the road network includes “V1”, “V2”, “L1”, “L2” and “VL11” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively;
 2. the road network includes “V1”, “V2”, “L1”, “L2” and “VL11” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively, and also the road network includes “V1”, “V2”, “L2”, “L3” and “VL12” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively;
 3. the road network includes “V1”, “V2”, “L1 “, “L2” and “VL11” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively, and also the road network includes “V1”, “V2”, “L2”, “L3” and “VL12” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” And “VL” respectively, and also the road network includes “yr, “V3”, “L1”, “L2” and “VL21” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively;
 4. the road network includes “V1”, “V2”, “L1”, “L2” and “VL11” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively, and also the road network includes “V1”, “V2”, “L2”, “L3” and “VL12” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively, and also the road network includes “V2”, “V3”, “L1”, “L2” and “VL21” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively, and also the road network includes “V2”, “V3”, “L2”, “L3” and “VL22” which match the above description of “Va”, “Vb”, “La”, “Lb” and “VL” respectively.
 14. The road network according to claim 13, wherein a vehicle is capable of driving to two or three or all of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” from “VL”, and/or a vehicle is capable of driving from two or three or all of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” to “VL”.
 15. The road network according to claim 13, wherein a vehicle in “VL” is capable of driving to “outside area” both by driving through one of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” and driving passing over or under one of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb.
 16. The road network according to claim 13, wherein for each crossroads of the four grade separation crossroads formed by “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb”, a vehicle is capable of driving into the each crossroads from any one of the four directions of the each crossroads and then driving away from the crossroads to any one of the other three directions of the four directions of the each crossroads.
 17. The road network according to claim 13, wherein each of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” includes an isolation belt or a physical isolation between its two unidirectional roads, A vehicle driving on one of the two unidirectional roads is not capable of entering or not allowed to enter another unidirectional road through the isolation belt or physical isolation.
 18. The road network according to claim 13, wherein a person is capable of walking or biking to pass over two or three or all of “Va”, “Vb”, “La” and “Lb” to “outside area”.
 19. The road network according to claim 13, wherein the grade separation crossroads refers to a crossroads which is formed by two roads crossing at different altitudes, and one of the two roads passes over the other road, The vehicles driving through the crossroads on one of the two roads don't interfere with the vehicles driving through the crossroads on the other road.
 20. The road network according to claim 13, wherein the level/grade crossroads refers to a crossroads at a same level which includes traffic lights or which is a roundabout, The level/grade crossroads including traffic lights includes at least 3 directions of driving in or driving out, The roundabout includes at least 3 directions of driving in or driving out. 